Category Archives: Bible study

Ryken’s Bible Handbook

Ryken’s Bible Handbook: a Guide to Reading and Studying the Bible

Leland Ryken, Philip Ryken, James Wilhoit

Tyndale House Publishers

Are you overwhelmed at the thought of trying to read and understand the Bible? Maybe you’ve never read any of it and you don’t know where to start. Or perhaps you have been reading the Bible for years, but you are ready to dig deeper and move to a new level of understanding. Either way, Ryken’s Bible Handbook is the tool for you.

Ryken’s goes book-by-book through the Old and New Testaments. A fact sheet—listing the format, purpose, author’s perspective, audience, unifying theme, and special features—gives the reader a quick overview of each book. After that, the authors discuss the challenges of each book along with advice on how to meet those challenges.  The literary form, the story, the characters, the key doctrines, and tips for reading, teaching, and applying each book are just a few of the other topics discussed.

The main purpose of Ryken’s Bible Handbook is to teach students how to study the Bible for themselves. It is “not simply a summary of biblical content,” but a “book of methodology.” A major emphasis of this handbook is the importance of considering the genre of each book of the Bible: “[T]his book can accurately be called an introduction to the genres (types of writing, such as story, proverb, or genealogy) that make up the Bible, along with guidelines for interpreting each genre.” Dispersed throughout the handbook are one-page articles on each of the major biblical genres and keys to understanding them.

Other helpful elements of Ryken’s include: a one year Bible reading plan, articles on various biblical topics, full color maps and charts, and a terrific overview of the entire Bible in a chapter titled, “The Bible as a Book.”

Ryken’s is the best one-volume Bible study tool that I have found. As J.I. Packer said, “All who aim to be discerning biblical Christians will appreciate it enormously.”  I recommend it to students and teachers alike.

Tyndale House Publishers provided me with a complimentary copy of this book.

Nelson’s Complete Book of Bible Maps and Charts (Third Edition)

Nelson’s Complete Book of Bible Maps and Charts (Third Edition) has more to offer than the title suggests. Starting with Genesis, it covers all 66 books of the Bible and the intertestamental period. There are introductions that discuss the author, date, setting, geography, genre, and themes; there are outlines; there are photographs; and yes, there are maps and charts.

The maps and charts are helpful. Readers are invited to copy the pages as visual aids for personal use or groups. Not only can you copy them, but there is a website that you can download them from.

The photographs are disappointing. There are few, they are small, and they lack an explanation of how they tie into the biblical discussion.

The text of the book is what I like the most. It is written clearly and from a conservative perspective, and it’s full of helpful and interesting information.  The author often discusses different views on a text, while keeping readers focused on the big picture.

Despite my disappointment, this book is still a great supplement for personal study or teaching. I recommend it to students and teachers alike.

I was provided with a complimentary copy of this book by Thomas Nelson. All of the opinions expressed in this post are my own, and I was not compensated for this review in any other way.

Finding Eden

“Pinpointing the exact location of the Garden of Eden is difficult, although the best theory places it near the source of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Armenian highlands. A major catastrophe, perhaps the Flood of Noah’s time, may have wiped out all traces of the other two rivers mentioned–the Pishon and the Havilah (Genesis 2:11). But modern space photography has produced evidence that two rivers, now dry beds, could have flowed through the area centuries ago.”

From Nelson’s Complete Book of Bible Maps and Charts, Third Edition

2010 Bible Reading

During 2010 I plan to use the Robert Murray M’Cheyne reading plan. This plan takes the reader through the Old Testament once and the New Testament and Psalms twice. The daily portions (five to six chapters) are small enough to allow for study and meditation. And there is variety each day. For instance, today I read a chapter from Old Testament history, a chapter from the New Testament, a chapter from Old Testament prophecy, and a Psalm.

Whether you read the M’Cheyne plan or your own plan, I hope that you’ll make it a priority to read through the entire Bible–every word of it–during 2010.  The ESV web site has several plans to choose from. Pick one or make your own, and then stick to it.  It takes effort, but the rewards are great.

“In regard to this great book, I have but to say, it is the best gift God has given to men.  All the good Savior gave to the world was communicated through this book. But for it we could not know right from wrong. All things most desirable for man’s welfare, here and hereafter, are to be found portrayed in it.”

–Abraham Lincoln

Review: Learn to Study the Bible

Is your Bible study ever dry? Do you get bogged down in your routine? If so, you might be interested in Andy Deane’s new book, Learn to Study the Bible.

Learn to Study the Bible is divided into seven parts: The Foundations of Bible Study, Basic Bible Study Methods, Major Bible Study Methods, Creative Bible Study Methods, Studying Specific Passages, Study Methods for Younger Students, and Wrapping it All Up. All together, the author explains 40 different methods and gives neatly hand written examples of each. (Mrs. Deane did the hand writing, by the way.)

The study methods run from traditional to unusually creative, but they all encourage reading prayerfully, slowly, repeatedly, and in context. The author is clear that fruitful study requires hard work: “A half-hearted, indifferent attitude towards God’s Word will not yield very much. It’s only when you roll up your sleeves and get to work that you will discover the richness buried within the pages of Scripture.” Each method also emphasizes application: “When it comes to obeying God’s Word, it’s not the thought that counts….If you haven’t found an application, your time in the word is not finished.”

I appreciate Andy Deane’s love for the Scriptures. He has a high view of the Bible, believing it to be the inspired Word of God. And he has a burden for others to share his view. His book is full of good ideas; I have dog-eared several pages that I hope to return to. More importantly, the book made me want to dig into the word with renewed diligence.

Learn to Study the Bible would be most helpful for beginning Bible students. The author wrote it after working with the youth in his church. But all Bible students will find something helpful. Get it, read it, and apply it.

Why Learn Greek? An Interview with Daniel Phillips


A big thanks to Daniel Phillips who graciously agreed to be interviewed here. I hope you enjoy and benefit from it.

1. Tell us about yourself.

I’m very old (53) and unremarkable — but my wife is remarkable! Together, we have four children, whom we love very much.

Astonishingly, the Lord loved me in eternity past, and visited me with salvation in early 1973 (fuller testimony here). From the day of my conversion, I was filled with ardor for God’s Word — that formerly dead and dull book — and a motivating desire to study it, understand it, do it, and communicate it to others (cf. Ezra 7:10). A pastor I knew identified that as the heart of a shepherd, and I began preparing for pastoral ministry just after my graduation from high school, in the same year as my conversion.

Over the decades, God has blessed me with opportunities to pastor, preach, teach in various institutions, hold conferences, and write. I’ve always seen the internet as a key way to reach a broad spectrum of people with the Word, and so I still do, with a web site, my own blog, a Greek blog (mostly inactive), and the Pyromaniacs team-blog.

2. What ministries are you involved in?

In church, I lead the Men’s Fellowship. I preach whenever I’m offered the pulpit at my home church; in addition, I’ve preached in about eight other area churches. I am looking for a way back into fulltime ministry of the Word. Additionally, God’s graciously given me international ministry by means of the blogs and my web site.

3. I understand that you taught yourself Greek. How did you go about doing that?

That’s not quite right. Before I was saved, I’d been a very undisciplined student. And here I was, going to begin studying Greek fresh out of High School, after an academic “career” in which I’d not made myself study anything hard. So, to get up to speed, I did teach myself the Greek alphabet, and began reading in the Greek New Testament on my own, even before I could understand anything. But then I took four years of Greek at that institution, followed by yet more Greek at Talbot during my M. Div. studies.

But I will say that the classes I took were mostly useful in supplementing the reading of the Greek New Testament that I began within months of my conversion. The most important element has been simply reading and preaching from the Greek New Testament. I’ve read it through many, many times in the last 36 years; and read portions many dozens of times. That has been the most valuable element in my education.

4. How has your knowing Greek benefited your Bible study and understanding?

Immeasurably. I am convinced that it is essential that a pastor be trained in Hebrew and Greek. Otherwise you can’t be a voice; you can merely be an echo. There is no real substitute for it. You say you believe in the plenary, verbal inspiration of Scripture in its original manuscripts? Well, they were in Greek. That is what we’re called to teach and preach.

I do not think that it is essential that Christians know Greek; but I do think it essential that they have pastors who know Greek and Hebrew.

5. What resources do you recommend for someone who wants to learn Greek?

I learned initially from J. Gresham Machen’s old text. When I’ve tutored, I use J. W. Wenham’s Elements of New Testament Greek (which I think is out of print; there was a new edition with audio CD, that I’ve never checked out). If you were to get BibleWorks, you’d get a truckload of language tools included in the basic package. But it’s best if you can be taught or tutored.

The most essential element in learning Greek is loving God, and wanting to know and serve Him. To read the Hebrew and Greek texts is to hear His voice unfiltered. When I taught Hebrew, I always did (and tested on) a lecture titled “Why Learn Hebrew?” The answer: Deuteronomy 6:4-9.

My most important specific suggestion would be to learn the Greek alphabet, then start reading right away. Don’t wait. Read the passages you know. Read John 1, 1 John 1, Romans 1 or 3 or 8. It’s thrilling, and motivating. As you learn more Greek, you recognize more in what you’re reading. But every new-gained glimmer stokes the fires of motivation.

As a young single man, I took my Greek NT with me everywhere. If I waited at a doctor’s office or a bank, or if I had coffee somewhere, I had my Greek New Testament there, and I read it.

6. Any closing thoughts?

The single element that I think would bring reformation to the church would be if the people of God were to demand, and settle for nothing less than, solid, passionate expository Bible preaching based on a study of the Word in the original languages. God grant it, to His glory.

God bless you,
Dan Phillips

Be sure to visit my Biblical Christianity web page and blog, and Hellenisti ginoskeis: do you know Greek?, and Pyromaniacs!

Always Literal?

Many of today’s scholars tell us that only the most literal interpretation of Scripture will do. This is not always true. During Jesus’ day, a rigidly literal interpretation of the prophecies concerning the Messiah caused many to stumble. Even John the Baptist began to have his doubts (Matt. 11:3). Jesus and His Kingdom did not fit their literal understanding of Scripture.

A specific example is found in Matthew 17. The disciples understood from prophecy that Elijah would return before the Messiah. Because the prophecy was interpreted literally, they did not realize that John the Baptist had fulfilled it. Jesus corrected them, thus giving them more evidence that He was Christ:

“And the disciples asked him, ‘Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?’ He answered, ‘Elijah does come, and he will restore all things. But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but did to him whatever they pleased’…Then the disciples understood that he was speaking to them of John the Baptist” (Matt. 17:10-13, ESV). In another place Jesus said, “If you are willing to accept it, he [John] is Elijah who is to come” (Matt. 11:14, ESV).

In a sense, the prophecy was literally fulfilled; a forerunner to Christ did come in the spirit of Elijah. However, John was not literally Elijah.

“As John the Baptist was to resemble Elijah by restoring the fallen condition of the Church, the prophet Malachi had even given to him the name of Elijah; and this had been rashly interpreted by the scribes, as if Elijah the Tishbite were to return a second time to the world. Christ now declares that everything which Malachi uttered was true, but that his prediction had been misunderstood and distorted from its true meaning.”[1]

Are there some literal interpretations of prophecy today that would keep us from recognizing Christ if He were to return?

[1] John Calvin, Harmony of the Evangelists, ii pg. 319.

Read Leviticus and Numbers

“Most people fail to read the Old Testament by getting bogged down in Leviticus and Numbers. The reasons are obvious. These books deal with detailed matters of the organization of Israel including lengthy lists of case law. So much of the material is foreign to us and makes difficult reading.

Yet, the information contained in these books is of crucial importance for understanding the scope of redemptive history. An accurate understanding of the New Testament depends on an understanding of these books. In fact, once a person acquires a general understanding of the whole scope of Scripture, he usually discovers that Leviticus and Numbers are fascinating and delightfully interesting.”

–R. C. Sproul, Knowing Scripture

How do You View the Sermon on the Mount?

The Question in NT this week is “how do you view the Sermon on the Mount?” We were given a list of 8 views. The most common of the eight was that it is a set of impossibilities meant to drive us to Christ, much like the Old Testament law (view 2). Another common view is that the Sermon describes something that can’t be realized until the future millennial kingdom (view 8). Below is my answer which had to be a little long since it didn’t fit within the eight views. What is your view?

Here’s the question:

“First, how do you interpret the Sermon on the Mount? (In other words, do you concur with one or more of the 8 views listed in slide show B, or do you have a different view? I am looking for your overall view of the sermon, not how you apply each verse.”

None of the views listed in our notes explain the way I view the Sermon. My friends have gone with number two, and I can certainly respect that. Two is the closest of the eight. But we do not say that the Epistles are full of impossible standards. We wouldn’t say that Paul serves the same function for us that the law did for Paul, would we? I would contend that every principle of the Lord taught in the Sermon is taught elsewhere in the Epistles. James almost seems to write a parallel to the sermon, but we can also find these same thoughts and themes throughout Paul, Peter, and John.

It’s true that we can’t perfectly live the Christian life. None of us can perfectly live according to any of the Epistles any more than we can perfectly live according to this sermon, yet that does not reduce it to a mere set of impossibilities with the sole purpose of showing us our sinfulness. Certainly that is part of what the Lord was doing. He was showing the Pharisees (and us) that we are sinners; merely keeping certain rules without an over-all converted and regenerate spirit is meaningless and leaves us hopeless. We need Christ.

View number eight takes most of the relevance of the Sermon away from us. Did Matthew spend three chapters on something that won’t apply until the millennium? I doubt it. An extreme form of number eight says that none of the Lord’s Sermon on the Mount applies to us today and therefore we should not consider it or its teachings as authoritative. Some take this one step further and say that none of the Lord’s teaching applies to us at all.

The Lord shows that the Kingdom and true Christianity produce a whole new creature. One that is totally regenerated. Regeneration necessarily produces certain characteristics, which are most clearly portrayed in the Beatitudes. The Beatitudes paint a picture of what the true, mature Christian will be, not what we need to strive to be in order to be Christians. The Sermon also shows that Christianity is a spiritual thing rather than an outward keeping of certain rules and morals.

Are you a Christian? Then there was a time that because of your sin you were poor in spirit (and hopefully you still are). Overall, you have meekness like that of your Lord. Your nature is to love not only your neighbor but others. Yes, you may lust, but you know that it’s sinful to lust and it bothers you and you strive against it. Yes, you may at times feel unjustified anger, but you repent knowing that it is sin and inconsistent with your born-again nature. These sins are recognized by you and they are not the normal characteristics of your day-to-day life.

To put it plainly, the Sermon is a description of what true Christianity looks like. If we don’t have these characteristics, or at least desire them, but are content to have merely an outward appearance of morality, then we need to examine ourselves. This view is explained more fully by Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones in his Studies in the Sermon on the Mount, which I heartily recommend.

A Hermeneutic of Humility: Do we know too much to learn from the Bible?

“How can we grow and mature as interpreters of Scripture? To begin with, we must make it a priority and not take so many things for granted. In effect, we must practice in the same sense in which an athlete or a soldier is constantly engaged in preparation and practice. We practice by focusing on specific passages or issues within Scripture, seeking to construct tentative conclusions about what Scripture teaches, and then subjecting our understandings to constructive criticism from trusted advisers. My primary point here, though, is that we come to assume and take for granted very few matters until years of practice and openness to critique have clarified and sharpened our understanding in a manner consonant with Scripture. In a sense, I am suggesting that a hermeneutic of humility should primarily characterize our understanding” –Dr. Benjamin Wolfe.

Not long ago a family member asked me what courses I was taking at Southwestern. The purpose of a class in hermeneutics was hard for him to grasp. “What’s to interpret about the Bible? It says what it says,” was his response.

The statement illustrates an attitude that Dr. Wolfe has mentioned as being a barrier to proper interpretation. While it is true that “The Bible says what it says,” our goal as interpreters is to determine what it says accurately. We cannot even begin to do this with the attitude that we “have it all figured out.” What does this attitude lead to? It leads to very little time spent in reflection upon the Word of God. We may quickly skim over a small portion during our five minute “quite time” and fail to see anything more in our passage than what we were taught in a third-grade Sunday school class.

Perhaps this problem grows partly from seeing the Bible as a collection of moral stories, like William Bennett’s Book of Virtues, rather than a unified history of salvation. If we know the gospel (that is, John 3:16) and we know how to be good, moral citizens, then what is left? Only to pass our “wisdom” down to the next generation. (So seems to be the line of thought.)

Dr. Wolfe’s “hermeneutic of humility” seems all important. Am I going to approach the Word of God with a willingness to accept what it says even when it is contrary to what I previously thought it said? If a passage from James or Paul seems to shatter what I previously held so dear, am I willing to accept that? Or will I dismiss it because it contradicts what I take for granted?

Do I have this hermeneutic of humility? I doubt that I can say I do; I am too quick to assume things, even after very little study. But I hope to see it growing. It seems that the more I have studied the less that I assume. In the past few years I have realized that much of my “knowledge” was wrong. Unfortunately, I still see myself quickly passing over a passage as if my mind were saying, “Yeah, yeah—I already know all of this.”

As Dr. Wolfe points out, practice in the Word will help us to develop a hermeneutic of humility. We also need the Holy Spirit to humble us in order for us to be accurate interpreters. “The primary work of the Holy Spirit in exegesis is to abolish the pride and arrogance in us that keep us from being open to the Scriptures. The Holy Spirit makes us teachable because he makes us humble. He causes us to rely wholly on the mercy of God in Christ for our happiness so that we are not threatened if one of our views is found to be wrong. The person who knows himself finite and unworthy and who thus rejoices in the mercy of God has nothing to lose when his ego is threatened” –John Piper, “The Goal of Exegesis and the Rationale for Finding Relationships Between Propositions.” May the Lord grant us the humility necessary to be true students and develop true wisdom.